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Chapters 1-3
1. Why did Mr. Lockwood go to Wuthering Heights? What kind of welcome did he receive? 2. Why did Lockwood return to Wuthering Heights uninvited, and how do the results of his visit affect the remainder of the novel? 3. When Lockwood first enters Wuthering Heights, who lives there? 4. What feeling do we get from Wuthering Heights and its occupants in these first few chapters? 5. Describe Heathcliff. 6. What glimpses from the past does Lockwood discover from Catherine's books? 7. Whose ghost visits Mr. Lockwood? What is Heathcliff's reaction to the ghost? Chapters 4-8 1. Who is Nelly Dean? 2. What do the gifts Hindley and Catherine ask their father to bring them reveal about their characters? 3. What are Heathcliff's origins? 4. Why does Hindley despise Heathcliff? 5. Describe Catherine. 6. Compare and contrast Catherine's and Heathcliff's reactions to the Lintons at Thrushcross Grange. 7. Why did Edgar get applesauce dumped on him? 8. Catherine is pained by Hindley's punishment of Heathcliff, yet she remains as the hostess of her guests. What change does this reveal? 9. What does Heathcliff begin to plan? 10. Who is Hareton Earnshaw? 11. How does Frances' death affect Hindley? 12. Edgar gets a good look at Catherine's "other side." What is his reaction? Chapters 9-10 1. Who saves Hareton's life? 2. Why does Catherine accept Edgar's proposal when she knows Heathcliff is a part of her soul? 3. Why does Heathcliff disappear? 4. How has Heathcliff changed during his absence of three years? 5. Who is Isabella, and what does she think of Heathcliff? 6. How does Heathcliff begin his revenge on Hindley (and ultimately gain control of his land)? I hope everyone is having a wonderful break!
By Monday, the 6th, please have "Their Eyes were Watching God" completed along with your dialectical journals. In your joournals, focus on the elements of symbolism, theme, historical relevance, and characterization. Compare Janie's relationship and ensure you notice how she changes through each. Also, dedicate a portion of your journal to comparing Janie and Edna from "The Awakening". How are their circumstances alike/different? You will use this journal to complete your first official literary analysis, which will be due on the January the 10th. Also, complete your college application essay. Turn it in on Monday. We will begin working with "Princeton AP Review" workbook starting in January. It may be helpful for you to pick up a copy. Here is the link: http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-English-Literature-Composition-Preparation/dp/0804124167/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1388556078&sr=8-1&keywords=ap+literature+practice+princeton Please consider the following as you read "Candide". I recommend you answer the reading guide questions. This will be the basis of your exam.
MAIN IDEAS IN CANDIDE I. Criticism of Philosophical Systems A. Leibnitzian Optimism— Leibnitz (1646-1716) was a respected German philosopher whose theory based on optimism was popularized by some 18th century thinkers in simplistic formulas such as “all is for the best in this best of all possible worlds.” 1. Voltaire attacks simplistic versions, but not all of Leibnitz’s ideas, as seen through Pangloss. 2. He rejects fatalism or that all events are predetermined. 3. He does not think that every “cause” leads to an appropriate “effect” or that this cause has to be the best possible cause since undoubtedly it reflects God's will. 4. He does not accept things as they are like Pangloss teaches. 5. Voltaire teaches that a spirit of struggle and reform are needed to correct abuse. 6. Voltaire is a “deist;” He believed that God created the world, but God does not get involved in daily affairs of the world. 7. By the end of the book Candide shares Voltaire’s ideas on God and thinks that “we must cultivate our own garden.” B. Manicheanism Pessimism— a system that originated with Mani (Persian prophet, about A.D. 250), whose belief was that good and evil rule the universe and are in conflict. 1. The character of Martin, the pessimist, takes this doctrine to the extreme. 2. Martin maintains that God has abandoned earth, but not the universe, to the forces of evil (Satan and darkness)—evil is real, not an illusion. 3. Voltaire has a profound distrust for any doctrine. He rejects both Leibnitzian Optimism and Manichean Pessimism. C. Empiricism— Voltaire believes that all knowledge comes from sense experience (an approach to knowledge that derived from John Locke’s [1632-1704] “blank slate.”) 1. Voltaire thinks a statement, idea, or hypothesis is valid only if it is related to something physical and can be known and verified through human senses. 2. Cacambo helps Candide to gradually pay attention to practical matters and test all concepts and statements, whether those of optimism or pessimism, by experience. II. Social Criticism A. Voltaire attacks all aspects of society. B. He believes that human nature has been negatively effected by civil institutions. For example, Candide finds liars, cheats, pimps, etc. in Paris. C. The clergy, from Pope to priest, is corrupt, fanatical, oppressive, greedy, and hungry for power. D. The medical profession practices fraud and quackery. E. The law courts and police are of dubious integrity. F. Class distinctions are based more on snobbery than on merit. G. European prosperity rests on the misery of the people and the slave trade. H. The superficial glory of war is contrasted with its horrible reality. III. Utopia A. Voltaire creates a number of “perfect places” in the book but all have flaws. B. Finally, at the end of the book, Candide creates his own utopia, a farming/gardening community where all of Voltaire’s values are represented including hard work, open-mindedness, honesty, progressivism, and a community effort where each individual participates according to his or her own talents and strengths. CANDIDE READING GUIDE Chapters I-III 1. In whose castle does Candide live? 2. Under what circumstances was Candide born? 3. Who is Cunegonde and how old is she? 4. “It is proved,” [Pangloss] used to say, “that things cannot be other than they are, for since ____________________ was made for a ____________________, it follows that ____________________ is made for the ____________________.” Use Pangloss' optimistic philosophy to answer questions 5-7. 5. Why do we have spectacles? 6. Why do we have breeches? 7. Why is the baron the greatest baron in the province? 8. What is meant by “experimental physics” and how does it get Candide literally kicked out of the castle? 9. Name at two techniques that the uniformed men use to get Candide to join the Bulgarian army. 10. How was Candide punished when he tried to go for a walk without permission? What point do you think Voltaire is trying to make about natural rights? 11. Voltaire give a scathing description of the “glories” of war on pages 25-26. Name at least two of them. 12. Would the orator on pages 26-27 be inclined to agree with Pangloss’ philosophy? Chapters IV-VI 13. How does Pangloss’ philosophy backfire on him and on Cunegonde? 14. Voltaire believed that men make their own fates. They are not controlled by some all-powerful God. How does Voltaire make this clear when James states his opposition to Pangloss' philosophy? 15. According to Pangloss, for what purpose was the Lisbon harbor formed? 16. What was the purpose of burning people at the stake in Lisbon? 17. On what charges were Pangloss and Candide arrested? Chapters VII-IX 18. To whom did the old woman take Candide? 19. What relationship do Cunegonde, Don Issachar, and the Grand Inquisitor have? 20. What does Candide do with the Inquisitor when the Inquisitor walks in on Candide and Cunegonde while they are “on the couch.” 21. Now that Pangloss is dead, who becomes the new advisor to Candide and Cunegonde? Chapters X-XII 22. How does Voltaire show the hypocrisy of the clergy on page 47? 23. Where does Candide go to find the “best of all possible worlds?” 24. Why did Voltaire choose Urban X to be the old woman's father when he could have chosen any pope? 25. Name two misfortunes that befell the old woman when she was with the Moroccans. 26. According to the Catholic Church, despair is a mortal sin because it is the opposite of hope which is in turn based on faith. Therefore, if a person lives his or her life in despair, he/she has no faith in God. Suicide is also a mortal sin because it violates the fifth commandment, "Thou shall not kill." All through Candide, Voltaire criticizes religion. Does the first paragraph on page 49 indicate a continuation of this theme, a change in theme, or a partial change? 27. For what purpose does Voltaire think religion can be used? Chapters XIII-XVI 28. Pangloss was always very optimistic, but the old woman is more practical. How does she advise Candide to deal with the murder he has committed? 29. Cacambo recommends to Candide that they go to the Jesuits. According to Cacambo, how might Candide be useful to them? 30. From Cacambo's description, the Jesuit community sounds like Utopia—it is vast and orderly. Find something in Cacambo's description that shows that this is not really Utopia (and hence, another criticism of the Church). 31. What is the true identity of the Reverend Father? 32. Why does the Reverend Father become so angry at Candide after treaty him like a friend? 33. By having Candide kill the Reverend Father, Voltaire shows that men are sometimes compelled to do evil things. How does this further refute Pangloss's philosophy? 34. Does the incident involving the monkeys show that man is evolving (ape to man) or that man is devolving (man to ape)? 35. How are pages 71-72 another stab at religion? 36. How does Voltaire’s description of the Orellians compare to Thomas Hobbes' description of the “state of nature?” Chapter XVII-XIX 37. Read Chapters XVII and XVIII and give three examples of how Eldorado really is Utopia in Voltaire's mind. 38. Cite the page and paragraph in Chapter XVII in which Candide finally admits that Pangloss was wrong. 39. On which figure in the Protestant Reformation is page 80 based? 40. Why does Candide leave Eldorado? 41. How do pages 85-86 illustrate the hypocrisy of Christianity? 42. How do the incidents involving the Dutch captain and the judge refute Pangloss' philosophy? Chapters XX-XXIII 43. How does Martin's philosophy differ from Pangloss' philosophy? 44. What criticism does Martin make of Pangloss' philosophy on pages 91-92? 45. According to Martin, for what purpose was the earth formed? 46. Explain the humor involving the doctors on page 97. 47. How do the incidents described on pages 105-107 illustrate that Candide is very naïve and still has faith in Pangloss' philosophy? 48. Based on the events in Chapter XXIII, does Voltaire agree with Hobbes or Locke? Give evidence 49. Does Voltaire support the British system of government? Give evidence. Chapter XXIV-XXVI 50. Name three things that happened to Paquette after she left Westphalia. 51. How do Paquette's and Giroflée lives compare to Pangloss' philosophy?Which philosophy does Paquette's life best reflect, Pangloss' or Martin's? Give evidence. 52. How does Voltaire's treatment of Milton and the other classics relate to the skepticism of the time? 53. According to divine right theory, kings are ordained by God, a theory that Voltaire does not support. The purpose of Chapter XXVI, therefore, is to demonstrate that even the worst fates can befall kings. Knowing this, explain why the servant want the kings to leave the inn so quickly. Chapters XVII-XXX 54. What does Cunegonde do for a living in Constantinople? 55. Who does Candide discover on the Levantine ship? 56. “I still hold my original views,” replied Pangloss, “because, after all, for I am still a philosopher. It would not be proper for me to ____________________, since ____________________ cannot be ____________________; and besides, the ____________________, together with the plenum and subtle matter, is the most beautiful thing in the world.” 57. What does the old woman suggest Candide buy while they wait for their fortunes to take a turn for the better? 58. After the baron again refuses to allow Candide to marry his sister, what does Candide do with him? 59. Searching for the meaning of life, Candide and his friends consult a famous dervish. What religious concept does the dervish reflect? 60. Do Pangloss and Martin change their opinions by then end of the book? . Below, post/respond to interesting points you have read in "Candide"...anything is open; the historical relevance, the satire, the hilarity....post at least 3 times, respond at least 3 times over the course of break.
Post your thoughts on your given glasshouse topic. Each student should respond at least once...keep this going as much as you like...the more you write...the better.
What more do we learn about the nature of Iago in act 2? What is the effect of having him share his thoughts and plans with us through his soliloquies? Pay attention to the language used in Iago's soliloquies. What sorts of descriptive language does he use? How does it contribute to the picture of Iago that Shakespeare is drawing?
Time to analyze the oh so lovable, foul mouthed, terribly sarcastic monster. Is he, as some believe, the ultimate representation of the existentialist? Feel free to explore the following in your theoretical analysis:
Time for brutal honesty, what are your thoughts of the southern scribe? You may discuss his writing style, his brilliance (or stupidity, i suppose), his character development, his use of dialect, his revelation regarding humanity...or any other ephinanies you've had. Be honest but supportive & intelligent. Don't stress, consider this a scholary "free write". No direct quotes needed. Respond to at least one post. Graded: Oct 7th With the exception of a few of you, your summer reading posts have been less than impressive.
Here is the addendum to your AP requirements. How to Read Literature Like a Professor posts are due IN FULL by this Friday. Failure to complete this will result in removal. Those of you who haven't completed the summer reading requirements as deemed in your syllabus will read Invisible Man during the first month of school and complete three required in class writing prompts on the text. Those of you who remained dedicated, excellent work. Everyone else, I'm disappointed. |